Understanding Cardiovascular Disease: Prevention and Care

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and includes a wide range of conditions such as high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. The encouraging news is that up to 90% of cardiovascular disease is preventable through healthy lifestyle choices and regular medical care.

Types of Cardiovascular Disease

Heart-related conditions include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. Vascular conditions include stroke and peripheral vascular disease.

Causes and Risk Factors

CVD develops from a mix of lifestyle, medical and genetic factors. High blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes are major contributors. Smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, excessive alcohol use, chronic stress and lack of sleep further increase the risk.

Recognizing Symptoms

Warning signs may include chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches or numbness in the arms and legs. Regular health checkups are essential to catch problems early, before symptoms even appear.

Prevention and Lifestyle Improvements

• Quit smoking and limit alcohol.

• Maintain a healthy weight.

• Reduce sodium intake and avoid processed foods.

• Manage stress with relaxation and sleep.

• Controlchronicconditionslikehypertension,diabetesandhigh cholesterol.

Nutrition for Heart Health

A heart-friendly diet emphasizes vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, fatty fish like salmon, and healthy oils such as olive oil. Limiting red meat, processed foods, and excess salt is equally important.

Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation

A balanced exercise routine combines:

• Aerobic activity (walking, swimming, cycling).

• Resistance training

• Flexibility exercises (stretching, yoga, pilates).

By adopting heart-healthy habits, staying active, eating wisely, and seeking regular medical care, people can significantly lower their risk and enjoy a healthier, longer life.

—Yeung H. Kwon, L.Ac, OMD, Ph.D